Best Project Management (PM) Software Solutions for the Manufacturing Industry (2025 Report)


Executive Summary

The manufacturing sector faces persistent challenges: fluctuating supply chains, skill shortages, stringent compliance standards, and increasing customer expectations for just-in-time delivery. In this environment, project management (PM) software designed for manufacturing has become a crucial enabler of operational resilience, innovation, and continuous improvement. The current landscape encompasses solutions supporting shop-floor scheduling, resource allocation, inventory management, and deep integration with ERP, CAD, and PLM systems. Tailoring software selection to the unique workflows, scale, and integration ecosystem of a manufacturer is essential for ROI and digital transformation success.

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leading PM platforms for manufacturing, evaluating each option’s strengths and weaknesses against the needs of small, medium, and large manufacturing businesses. Special attention is given to production scheduling, ERP/PLM integration, no-code workflow automation, inventory management, and advanced analytics. We reference the latest user feedback, expert evaluations, and industry case studies for a holistic and actionable overview.


Market Overview of Manufacturing Project Management Software

Project management software for manufacturing has evolved rapidly in the last few years, spurred by the widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions, the transition to low/no-code configurability, and the integration of AI-driven predictive analytics. The global project management software market is poised to reach USD 20.2 billion by 2030, with a 15.65% CAGR. Cloud deployment dominates, holding 75% of the market, but hybrid (cloud + on-premise) models are growing fastest to meet compliance and data sovereignty needs in regulated manufacturing environments and regions with strict data residency statutes.

Large enterprises are the primary drivers of total revenue (61% market share), but SMEs are projected to chart a 17% CAGR, fueled by accessible SaaS models and government grants for digital upskilling, particularly in Asia-Pacific. The competition among vendors is intense: industry giants like Microsoft, SAP, Oracle, and Siemens compete alongside best-of-breed PM, MRP, and ERP providers such as Wrike, MRPeasy, Katana, DELMIAWorks, and Odoo.


Key Features Required for Manufacturing Workflows

Manufacturing PM solutions must address:

  • Production Scheduling: Gantt/timeline visualizations, finite/infinite capacity planning, what-if scenario analysis, and shop floor task allocation.
  • Inventory Management: Real-time inventory tracking, procurement automation, barcode scanning, batch/serial number management, and integration with purchasing and warehouse systems.
  • Resource Allocation and Capacity Planning: AI-powered forecasting to prevent bottlenecks and optimize labor/machine deployment.
  • ERP, MES, CAD, and PLM Integration: Seamless data exchange for BOMs, engineering changes, quality management, and compliance documentation.
  • Document Management & Collaboration: Centralized, secure file storage, version control, markup, and integrated communication channels for distributed teams and plant-floor collaboration.
  • Automation & No-Code Customization: Drag-and-drop workflow builders, approval chains, and automated task routing to fit manufacturer-specific processes with minimal IT overhead.
  • Compliance and Quality Management: Tools for tracking industry/legal standards (GMP, ISO, FDA), with automated alerts, inspection workflows, and audit trails.
  • Analytics and Reporting: Real-time dashboards, cost/capacity variance analysis, and predictive insights to support continuous improvement and risk management.
  • Mobile Access: Support for remote updates, shift scheduling, and shop floor data collection on mobile devices.

Comparison Table: Leading Manufacturing PM Solutions (2025)

Software Key Features Pricing (Starting) ERP Integration Inventory Mgmt Deployment Best For Business Size User Ratings
Wrike Custom dashboards, Gantt/Kanban, automation, integrations $10/user/month Yes Partial Cloud Customization Small–Large ★★★★☆ (4.2)
MRPeasy MRP, scheduling, inventory, CRM $49/user/month Partial Yes Cloud Small MRP Small–Medium ★★★★☆ (4.3)
CRM Creatio No-code workflow, automation, CRM, product catalog $25/user/month Yes Yes Cloud Workflow Automation Medium–Large ★★★★★ (4.7)
Katana MRP Visual scheduling, BOM, inventory $179/month Partial Yes Cloud Real-time MRP Small–Medium ★★★★☆ (4.4)
ProjectManager Production tools, supply chain, timeline, automation $14/user/month Partial Yes Cloud Flexible workflows Small–Large ★★★★☆ (4.4)
DELMIAWorks Enterprise ERP/MRP, MES, real-time dashboard, scheduling $250/user/month (est.) Yes Yes Cloud/On-Prem Enterprise ops Medium–Large ★★★★☆ (4.1)
Odoo Modular ERP-PLM-CAD, inventory, project mgmt, no-code $24.90/user/month Yes Yes Cloud/On-Prem Full Business Suite Small–Large ★★★★ (4.1–4.2)
Monday.com Visual workflow, automation, templates, dashboards $8/user/month Partial Add-ons Cloud Collaboration Small–Medium ★★★★☆ (4.6)
Zoho Projects Gantt charts, workflows, collaboration $4/user/month Partial Yes (Zoho) Cloud Team coordination Small–Medium ★★★★☆ (4.2)
Visual Planning Labor-based planning, drag/drop, resource dashboards $55/user/month No Yes Cloud/On-Prem Resource Scheduling Medium–Large ★★★★☆ (4.3)
NetSuite/OpenAir Full ERP integration, supply chain, batch scheduling ~$99/user/month (var.) Yes Yes Cloud ERP for scale Medium–Large ★★★★ (4.1)
Epicor Kinetic MES-ERP integration, AI, scheduler, quality, PLM, IoT $2,100/month + $175/user Yes Yes Cloud/On-Prem Shop floor ops Medium–Large ★★★★★ (4.4)
Infor CloudSuite Ind. APS, multi-site, BI, scheduling $25,000/user (license) Yes Yes Cloud/On-Prem Complex manufacturing Large ★★★★☆ (4.5)
SAP S/4HANA Advanced analytics, ETO/MTO, global compliance Custom Quote Yes Yes Cloud/On-Prem Enterprise/Multinational Large ★★★★ (4.0)
ClickUp AI tools, templates, dashboards, complex automations $9.80/user/month Partial Add-ons Cloud Customizable PM Small–Large ★★★★★ (4.7)

For additional specialized and sector-specific platforms (Optessa, Fulcrum Pro, Exact, Sage X3, MIE Trak Pro, and others), see respective category discussions below.


In-Depth Analysis of Leading Software Options

Wrike

Wrike leads in customization, flexibility, and cross-departmental task visibility. Its dynamic form builder, Gantt/kanban/project views, cross-tagging, and AI-enabled workflow automation (MCP Server) make it a fit for manufacturers with complex, multi-level production projects and reporting needs. It integrates with SAP, Slack, Teams, Dropbox, and hundreds more, offering broad ecosystem connectivity.

  • Pros: Extremely customizable, robust integrations, user-friendly for non-IT staff, free plan for small businesses, holistic task modeling.
  • Cons: Lacks mid-level priorities, can be slow for large file handling.
  • Pricing: From $10/user/month. Freemium plan and demos available.
  • Best for: Manufacturers needing high customization and deep integrations, from small job shops to global plants.
  • User Verdict: Praised for improving task accountability and real-time team visibility; drawbacks include performance with very large datasets.

MRPeasy

MRPeasy is purpose-built for small and midsize manufacturers seeking affordable, cloud-based MRP with integrated PM, inventory, CRM, and procurement. Key features include drag-and-drop scheduling, BOM and routing management, procurement automation, and real-time view of operations. It is particularly lauded for its easy onboarding and cost-effectiveness.

  • Pros: Lean manufacturing support, fast deployment, affordable pricing, integrates with Shopify, Xero, QuickBooks, and more.
  • Cons: Tracking across multi-site operations is limited, and analytics customization can be cumbersome.
  • Pricing: From $49/user/month, 30-day free trial.
  • Best for: Small manufacturing businesses moving beyond spreadsheets to integrated operation.
  • User Verdict: Standout for operational visibility and customer support; some power users want more advanced analytics and reporting options.

CRM Creatio

A no-code platform, CRM Creatio excels in automating and optimizing manufacturing business processes: managing quotes, purchase orders, compliance workflows, and complex product data. Its strongest points lie in BPM (business process management), omnichannel orders, and advanced analytics.

  • Pros: Intuitive low-code automation, rich CRM/PLM/product catalog support, advanced reporting.
  • Cons: Extensive options can be overwhelming; initial setup is complex and may require consultation.
  • Pricing: From $25/user/month, trial available.
  • Best for: Mid-sized to large manufacturers prioritizing B2B sales workflow automation and flexibility.
  • User Verdict: Advanced analytics and process automation highly valued; setup time and configuration often cited as a challenge for new adopters.

Katana MRP

Katana addresses the needs of manufacturers prioritizing intuitive visual scheduling, real-time inventory tracking, and direct integration with e-commerce and accounting tools. Features include shop floor control, BOMs, drag-and-drop rescheduling, automated resource allocation, and replenishment alerts.

  • Pros: User-friendly, affordable, built for small businesses, integrates with Shopify, Xero, and QuickBooks.
  • Cons: Only one full-access user in Essential plan, lacks deep batch/lot tracking, shop floor operator functionality limited.
  • Pricing: Starting at $179/month.
  • Best for: Small manufacturers and maker businesses with direct-to-consumer or e-commerce models.
  • User Verdict: Highly rated for ease of use and low learning curve, though some want more advanced manufacturing modules as scale grows.

ProjectManager

ProjectManager stands out for its blend of robust scheduling, resource planning, and real-time reporting tools designed specifically for manufacturing. It supports Gantt, Kanban, calendar, and list views, with supply chain management, document collaboration, mobile access, and workflow automation.

  • Pros: Maps to manufacturing workflows; solid production/WIP tracking; flexible reporting and analytics; mobile dashboards.
  • Cons: No built-in ERP, integration requires partner solutions for full stack, only partial inventory module.
  • Pricing: From $14/user/month. Team, business, and enterprise tiers.
  • Best for: Companies of all sizes requiring shop-floor visibility, rapid task reallocation, and strong scheduling.
  • User Verdict: Users appreciate the consolidation of disparate systems, real-time cost and resource tracking; some desire richer inventory/BOM features.

DELMIAWorks

For tooling, mold, and industrial manufacturers, DELMIAWorks is a robust ERP + MES solution integrating live shop floor data collection, timecard/barcode entry, real-time inventory/material planning, advanced APS, and tight compliance controls (including integration with CAD/PLM, QMS, and supply chain).

  • Pros: Full ERP/MES, finite scheduling, strong compliance/documentation, real-time dashboards.
  • Cons: Costly, challenging for small teams, web interface and mobile access limited.
  • Pricing: Estimated $250/user/month (varies with configuration).
  • Best for: Medium to large discrete/process manufacturers needing high control.
  • User Verdict: Praised for depth of features and integrations, but implementation time and user training cited as hurdles to rapid adoption.

Odoo

Odoo’s modular approach enables businesses to deploy full ERP suites—including project management, inventory, sales, and production scheduling—with direct PLM and CAD integration for design-to-delivery workflows. Especially strong for mixed-mode manufacturing and businesses desiring open-source flexibility.

  • Pros: End-to-end suite in one platform, scalable, flexible pricing, strong integration.
  • Cons: Complexity can overwhelm small businesses, integration setup may require expertise.
  • Pricing: $24.90/user/month for standard; free community version available.
  • Best for: Companies looking for a unified system across manufacturing, sales, and accounting.
  • User Verdict: Applauded for breadth and open-source model, but the learning curve and configuration demands are steep for some users.

Monday.com

Ideal for collaborative teams and SMEs, Monday.com blends intuitive visual project boards with customizable template workflows, mobile-accessible dashboards, and automation tools. Add-ons support inventory/project tracking, though manufacturing-specific modules must be configured or purchased.

  • Pros: User-friendly interface, AI-driven workflow automation, rapid deployment, 14-day trial.
  • Cons: Basic production scheduling without add-ons, best for SMBs, not process-intensive.
  • Pricing: From $8/user/month; free plan available.
  • Best for: Small and growing teams, project-centric departments, digital collaboration.
  • User Verdict: Highly rated for team productivity and workflow transparency; some desire deeper manufacturing modules.

Zoho Projects

Zoho Projects presents an affordable, fully cloud-based solution with Gantt charts, Blueprints for workflow automation, issue tracking, resource allocation, and document collaboration. It integrates with the broader Zoho ecosystem (CRM, Books, Inventory, Analytics).

  • Pros: Cost-effective, wide range of integrations, flexible interface, good for SMBs.
  • Cons: Less scalable for large enterprises, complex navigation.
  • Pricing: From $4/user/month, free plan/trial.
  • Best for: Small to mid-sized manufacturing project teams needing unified collaboration tools and workflow automation.
  • User Verdict: Appreciated for price and feature balance; occasional complaints of scalability and interface design.

NetSuite OpenAir & NetSuite ERP

Oracle NetSuite provides a comprehensive, cloud-native ERP platform integrating production management, supply chain, inventory, financials, and project management. OpenAir, their PSA module, brings automation, advanced resource deployment, and billing.

  • Pros: Highly scalable, strong financial and supply chain integrations, centralized platform.
  • Cons: High cost, steep learning curve, not ideal for small businesses.
  • Pricing: Custom quote, ballpark ~$99/user/month for ERP modules; OpenAir at $399/user/month.
  • Best for: Scaling or global manufacturing teams integrating end-to-end operations.
  • User Verdict: Praised for operational visibility and integration, but onboarding and customization can be daunting.

Specialized Solutions

PlanetTogether

Best for high-mix, constraint-heavy scheduling, PlanetTogether offers advanced APS capabilities, drag-drop scheduling, what-if simulation, and integration with ERP, MES, and shop-floor data. Highly customizable for complex manufacturing environments but comes with a higher price point and steeper learning curve.

Visual Planning

Visual Planning excels in labor-based planning with VPAutomation for skill-based scheduling and advanced HR rules. It offers flexibility, mobile apps, and integration with inventory and supplier management. Not the best fit for small businesses due to costs and implementation time.

Optessa, Fulcrum Pro, TACTIC

These solutions focus on constraint-based optimization, high-volume short-term adjustments, and finite capacity scheduling, catering primarily to mid-to-large manufacturers with complex resource environments and the need for real-time what-if analysis and bulk rescheduling.


ERP Integration Capabilities

Integration is mission-critical. Most manufacturers run dozens (often hundreds) of applications—yet only about 28% are tightly integrated with core operations. The adoption of PM software with open APIs and prebuilt connectors (for ERP, MES, CRM, HR, and CAD/PLM) determines the overall value of a PM solution.

  • Strong integration reduces duplicated work, supports data-driven forecasting, enables closed-loop inventory/material requisition, and expedites issue resolution by providing a single source of truth.
  • Leading systems for robust integration include Odoo, SAP S/4HANA, DELMIAWorks, NetSuite, Epicor, and Wrike (notably for cloud-to-cloud and hybrid integration).

Pricing Models and Licensing

Manufacturing PM software follows three primary pricing models:

  1. Subscription (SaaS): Monthly/yearly user fees dominate the market, aligning with both SME and enterprise preferences; typical range is $4–$399/user/month, with enterprise modules running much higher.
  2. Perpetual License: On-premise solutions, less common, requiring upfront payments (starting at $1,000 per user up to six figures for large-scale implementations).
  3. Freemium/Open Source: Limited functionality, available for very small operations or to trial systems before purchase (e.g., Odoo, Monday.com, Zoho Projects).

Cost is also influenced by:

  • Number of users
  • Number/type of modules (MRP, MES, CRM, PLM, BI, etc.)
  • Implementation/training support
  • Custom integrations and advanced analytics

User Feedback and Reviews

User sentiment is a crucial differentiator. Across user reviews, several trends emerge:

  • Wrike, MRPeasy, Katana, ProjectManager, DELMIAWorks, and NetSuite consistently receive positive marks for business impact, ease of deployment, and customer support.
  • Complexity and learning curve are frequently cited by large-scale ERP users (SAP, Epicor, Infor, DELMIAWorks), especially if transitioning from spreadsheets or legacy platforms.
  • Mobile access, reporting, and rapid customization lead in user satisfaction for cloud-first tools such as Monday.com, Zoho Projects, and Katana.
  • Advanced analytics and predictive AI modules are more frequently requested, underscoring a trend toward AI-driven scheduling and real-time performance management.

Solutions by Business Size

Small Business Solutions

Small manufacturers (typically operations with <50 employees) benefit most from:

  • Affordable, modular platforms with fast SaaS deployment (e.g., MRPeasy, Katana, Zoho Projects, xTuple, Odoo).
  • MRP/production scheduling and inventory tracking as core modules.
  • Minimal IT overhead and intuitive UI, often with free or low-cost trials.
  • Integration with standard accounting/CRM (e.g., Shopify, Xero, QuickBooks, Zoho CRM).

Medium Business Solutions

Mid-sized manufacturers seek:

  • Rapid onboarding (low-code, no-code configuration) with scalable pricing.
  • Production scheduling, inventory/WIP management, and advanced workflow templating.
  • Deeper integrations (accounting, CRM, supply chain, PLM/CAD).
  • Options such as Wrike, ProjectManager, Katana, Epicor Kinetic, and Monday.com are highly rated for guided templates and scalability.

Enterprise Solutions for Large Manufacturers

Large enterprises (>500 employees or multi-site) prioritize:

  • Full-featured ERP/PM software tightly linked to finance, CRM, MES, and logistics (e.g., SAP S/4HANA, Oracle NetSuite, DELMIAWorks, Infor, Epicor Kinetic).
  • Customizable integration layers, advanced analytics, resource-leveling, and predictive scheduling.
  • Industry-specific modules (e.g., compliance for pharma, auto, food; multi-currency, global supply chains).
  • Rich audit trails and multi-level security for compliance-heavy sectors.
  • Planview, Celoxis, and OpenAir for advanced project portfolio management.

Cloud-Based vs. On-Premise Deployment

Cloud-based solutions dominate due to lower deployment costs, frequent updates, mobile access, and rapid flexibility. However, hybrid (part local, part cloud) options are gaining favor for manufacturers facing data privacy or regulatory constraints, particularly in the automotive, defense, and pharma sectors.

Key Considerations:

  • Cloud: Ideal for agility, multi-site collaboration, and integrated updates.
  • Hybrid: Balances security for sensitive data (keep in-house) with online dashboards and API access (send anonymized/project data to cloud).
  • On-Premise: Still used by defense/government contractors needing strict control, but in steady decline.

Customization and No-Code Workflow Automation

The rise of no-code/low-code platforms allows non-technical users to tailor workflows—crucial for manufacturing environments where processes and compliance standards evolve rapidly. Wrike, Kintone, CRM Creatio, Odoo, and Monday.com stand out for offering guided templates and drag-and-drop builders. This reduces implementation times, empowers local teams, and enables rapid adaptation.


Production Scheduling Functionality

Best-in-class production scheduling involves:

  • Gantt/timeline and drag-and-drop work order assignment.
  • Finite/infinite capacity planning algorithms.
  • Real-time shop floor updates (barcode scanning, mobile input).
  • Scenario simulation ("what if" analysis) for rapid change management.

AI-driven forecasting and schedule optimization are increasingly embedded in industry leaders (PlanetTogether, DELMIAWorks, Epicor, Katana, MRPeasy).


Inventory Management Integration

Strong inventory management means:

  • Real-time material tracking across sites and warehouses.
  • Automated reorder points, lot/batch tracking, barcode integration.
  • Seamless tie-in to MRP, procurement, shipping, and finance.

Integration with major CRM, e-commerce, and accounting tools is now standard among leading solutions (Katana, NetSuite, Odoo, Fishbowl, Zoho Inventory).


Resource Allocation and Capacity Planning

Effective resource allocation in manufacturing:

  • Utilizes workload charts, skill-based task assignment, and predictive analytics to prevent bottlenecks.
  • Incorporates digital twins and simulation for multi-site labor/material planning (available in DELMIAWorks, Epicor, and via advanced modules in Wrike and Planview).
  • Leverages AI for demand forecasting (Microsoft, NetSuite, Epicflow, Wrike).

Document Management and Collaboration

Centralized, secure document management is non-negotiable for compliance, collaboration, and quality management—the best tools cover version control, markup, approvals, and mobile access. DocuWare, Smartsheet, Workzone, and advanced ERP-integrated PMs (Odoo, SAP, Infor) provide robust solutions.


Mobile Access and Remote Monitoring

Modern PM solutions provide mobile dashboards, allowing shop floor workers, supervisors, and project managers to update tasks, check inventory, and collaborate while on the move—essential for distributed or multi-site manufacturing operations.


Security and Data Privacy

Manufacturers must balance remote access with strict data privacy, particularly in regions governed by GDPR or local statutes. Cloud/hybrid vendors offer audit tracking, encryption, permissioning, and local storage options. On-premise is reserved for the most security-sensitive operations.


Integration with CAD and PLM Systems

Seamless linkages between PM software, CAD (AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Inventor, etc.), and PLM software support design-to-production workflows, engineering change management, and traceability—from design revision to shop-floor execution. Odoo, Adept, and Sync-PLM tools offer out-of-the-box connectors, and vendors like Oracle and Siemens provide bundled PLM modules.


Vendor Landscape and Key Players

The competitive field comprises:

  • Global ERP + PM Leaders: SAP (S/4HANA), Oracle (NetSuite), Microsoft (Dynamics, Project), Infor, Siemens (Teamcenter, DELMIAWorks), Epicor, Dassault Systèmes
  • Best-of-Breed PM: Wrike, ProjectManager, MRPeasy, Katana, Visual Planning, PlanetTogether
  • No-Code Innovators: Kintone, Creatio, Odoo, Monday.com, Airtable, ClickUp
  • Specialist Solutions: DELMIAWorks (tooling/industrial), Exact, Sage, MIE Trak Pro
  • Open Source/Freemium: Odoo, xTuple, Yolion, DYNAMIC 3i

Industry-Specific Case Studies

  • Automotive: A global supplier built a new plant using an external PM consultancy, achieved early completion, and exceeded regulatory requirements through granular scheduling and proactive risk management.
  • Aerospace/Defense: Tier-1 suppliers deploying PM software enabled parallel workstreams, strict compliance, and just-in-time delivery; PMOs provided oversight for regulatory and agile phase-gate management.
  • Electronics: Upgrading to fully integrated ERP/PM (from siloed legacy) via hybrid project management methodologies drastically reduced downtime and improved process alignment.
  • Consumer Goods: Sustainable packaging line launch, guided by stage-gate process, delivered ahead of schedule, combining engineering, compliance, and marketing in one PM platform.

Emerging Trends and Future Directions

  • AI-Driven Project Management: AI modules now predict resource shortfalls, scheduling risks, and cost overruns, recommending optimizations in real-time (notable in Wrike, Epicflow, Celoxis, Monday.com, Asana, Epicor).
  • Digital Twins & Simulation: Virtual factory layouts and scenario testing are being used for layout planning, risk assessment, and continuous improvement, especially in aerospace, automotive, and advanced manufacturing.
  • No-Code/Low-Code Democratization: Empowering operational staff (not just IT) to rapidly design, automate, and update workflows is accelerating responsiveness to market and regulatory changes.
  • Sustainability and ESG: Manufacturers are seeking PM solutions with embedded tracking for waste, energy, emissions, and compliance—especially in food/beverage, consumer goods, and pharmaceuticals.
  • Flexible Pricing & Consumption Models: Shift toward consumption-based pricing (e.g., AI credits or advanced reporting) and modular SaaS licensing enables manufacturers to scale with the business without heavy upfront investment.
  • Deep Integration Across the Enterprise: The future rests on full-stack platforms: complete ERP + PM + MES + PLM connectivity for seamless digital transformation.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Manufacturing project management software continues to mature, with AI, cloud deployment, deep integration, and ease-of-use democratizing sophisticated workflows for businesses of every size. Whether you are a small job shop or a global enterprise, the right PM platform delivers measurable gains in efficiency, traceability, compliance, and speed-to-market.

Key recommendations:

  • Small businesses: Prioritize SaaS solutions like MRPeasy, Katana, Zoho Projects, and Odoo for ease of adoption, cost-effectiveness, and manageable feature sets.
  • Medium businesses: Seek platforms with scalable workflow configuration, templates, and extensible integrations (Wrike, ProjectManager, Katana, Epicor Kinetic, Monday.com).
  • Large enterprises: Invest in robust, deeply integrated ERP+PM suites (SAP S/4HANA, Oracle NetSuite, DELMIAWorks, Epicor, Infor) with advanced analytics and security.
  • All sizes: Pay close attention to integration capabilities, especially with ERP, MES, and PLM/CAD, as well as the cost efficiency of mobile, no-code, and AI scheduling modules.

Manufacturers are advised to conduct trials and consult with vendors on pilot deployments. The most successful companies prioritize not just software features, but change management, ongoing training, system integration, and continuous process optimization.


For further insights, detailed side-by-side vendor comparison tables, and in-depth case studies, refer to the data presented in this report’s citations.